2. Stablecoin Wars

The Facts:

• The stablecoin landscape is undergoing major developments, with the recent decline of Binance stablecoin (BUSD), with Coinbase halting all BUSD trading later this month.
• Recently, DeFi stablecoins have been rising and more protocols are issuing their own stablecoin, mainly due to the need for new revenue streams amidst drying up volumes in the current bear market.
• Recent newcomers for decentralized stablecoins are lending protocol Aave’s GHO, and DEX Curve’s crvUSD stablecoin.

Our Take:

• Binance’s attempt past year, of pushing BUSD dominance, by converting all major stablecoin balances on their exchange, such as USDT or USDC, into BUSD, effectively only trading vs BUSD stablecoins on their platform, seems to backlash in the current regulatory regime and headwinds it is facing from U.S. territory.
• The current headwinds and scrutiny surrounding centralized stablecoins, as well as drying up volumes of major DeFi protocols lead to the recent increase in decentralized alternatives.
• Further incentives for protocols to issue their stablecoin come not only from future revenue increases, but also the token holders of Aave and Curve probably will see an increase in yields, making formerly governance heavy tokens more attractive from a yield token perspective.
• An increase in the number of different stablecoins will lead to liquidity fragmentation, however, with too many smaller stablecoins, not enabling large volumes to be traded by single traders in a single currency.
• On the other hand, DeFi borrowing rates are relatively low, usually at 1-2%, implying that in the current inflation regime with interest rates being hiked for every major currency, borrowing stablecoins in DeFi should prove to be a less costly source of liquidity than CeFi loans.
• Overall, the trend to more decentralized alternatives for stablecoins, that cannot be affected from centralized entities and the regulatory regime of a given day, is a positive trend for the industry going forward.

3. Jump Crypto reclaims $140 million from Wormhole hacker

The Facts:

• Crypto trading firm Jump Crypto and Oasis “recovered” $140 million from the Wormhole hacker last week, by hacking the hacker back, who initially exploited roughly $322 million from the Wormhole bridge last year.
• Wormhole is a platform that supports the bridging and interaction between multiple blockchains such as Avalanche, Oasis, Ethereum, Polygon and others, offering attractive functionality, that comes with a downside of relatively easy exploitation and hacking, due to the increased risks and technical hurdles it takes to connect different blockchains.
• The funds have been re-exploited to abstract the funds from the hacker and return it to the protocol, by using “upgradeable” smart contracts, that are mutable and can be changed in hindsight.

Our Take:

• Having funds returned and reclaimed from a hacker does seem to be a good thing happening overall, but it raises concerns as to how the developers and founders behind a protocol are able to achieve this.
• Of course, stealing funds is bad, yet the only means by which a hacker can exploit, and gain “stolen funds” is by using open loopholes and flaws in smart-contracts, i.e. operating within the established limits of how a protocol was set up to operate.
• Even though funds are abstracted, in the long-term these “hacks” make smart-contracts more robust and help avoid implementing such flaws in the first place, going forward.
• The most critical part about the incident, of exploiting the hacker, is that developers built in a “back-door” which allowed them to use upgradeable smart contracts for their own benefit and effectively giving the hacker a taste of his own medicine.
• Problematic is, that in “decentralized” finance, the developers behind a protocol should not have the power and means, to perform such operations, and the question remains as to how much decentralization certain protocols actually have.
• Troublesome is the extended connection, that Oasis has with DeFi lending protocol Maker, with Oasis being one of the frontends for Maker, giving questionable implications for the leading lending protocol’s actual decentralization.
• Furthermore, Oasis has been ordered by the High Court of England and Wales to reclaim their assets, giving potentially dangerous implications for the future, if central authorities can pressure crucial engineers and developers to exploit their own protocols for certain outcomes.

In other news

• Coinbase to suspends BUSD trading in March (via Coinbase)
• Mt. Gox repayments starting after 9 years (via TheBlock)
• 4% tax incentive for crypto in Puerto Rico (via CoinDesk)
• SEC subpoenas Robinhood over crypto operations (via Decrypt)
• Potential clawback on Voyager customer funds (via Cryptoslate)
• Crypto industry distancing itself from Silvergate bank (via Cointelegraph)
• Coinbase CEO’s warning to U.S. policymakers and regulators (via Coinmarketcap)